Flowcharts Types and Uses. One of the first things to ask when making a flowchart is, what is its purpose The answer to this question will help you create the type. Most of the time, if you are using a single character value, you will use the primitive char type. For example. How to Perform White Box Testing Explained with a Simple Example Software Testing Help. Understanding White Box Testing with a Simple Example. In my career so far, I have seen the testers to be the most enthusiastic community in the software industry. The reason being, that tester always have something in their scope to learn. Be it domain, process or technology, a tester can have a holistic development if they wish to. But as they say There is always a dark side. Testers also avoid one type of testing which they feel is very complicated and developers piece of cake. Yes, you have guessed it right. Its the WHITE BOX TESTING. White box and black box testing If we go by definition, White box testing also known as clear, glass box or structural testing is a testing technique which evaluates the code and internal structure of the program. Its the counterpart of Black box testing. In simple words In Black box testing, we test the software from a users point of view, but in White box, we see and test the actual code. Do you need the cloudnative Lightroom CC or the traditional folderbased Lightroom Classic Detailed feature comparison and decision tree to help you decide. This page includes a simple definition of flowchart including a sample flowchart plus a more detailed exploration of the other uses for flowcharts than just. Are you looking for a free and awesome flow charting program Dont look any further. Read this. In a Black box, we do testing without seeing the internal system code, but in a White box we do see and test the internal code. White box testing technique is used by both developers as well as testers. It helps them understand which line of code is actually executed and which is not. This may indicate that there is either missing logic or a typo, which eventually can lead to some negative consequences. Steps to perform White box testing Step 1 Understand the functionality of the application through its source code. Having said that, it simply means that the tester must be well versed with the programming language and other tools and techniques used to develop the software. Step 2 Create the tests and execute them. When we discuss testing, coverage is the most important factor. Here I will explain how to have maximum coverage in the context of White box testing. Also read Cause and Effect Graph Dynamic Test Case Writing Technique For Maximum Coverage. Types of white box testing There are different types and different methods for each white box testing type. See below image. click on image to enlargeToday, we are going to focus mainly on the execution testing types of Unit testing white box technique. The three main White box testing Techniques are Statement Coverage. Branch Coverage. Path Coverage. Lets understand these techniques one by one with a simple example. Statement coverage. In the programming language, a statement is nothing but the line of code or instruction for the computer to understand and act accordingly. A statement becomes an executable statement when it gets compiled and converted into the object code and performs the action when the program is in running mode. Hence Statement Coverage, as the name suggests, is the method of validating that each and every line of code is executed at least once. Branch Coverage Branch in a programming language is like the IF statements. If a statement has two branches true and false. So in Branch coverage also called Decision coverage, we validate that each branch is executed at least once. In case of an IF statement, there will be two test conditions One to validate the true branch and. Other to validate the false branch. Hence, in theory, Branch Coverage is a testing method which when executed ensures that each branch from each decision point is executed. Path Coverage. Path coverage tests all the paths of the program. This is a comprehensive technique which ensures that all the paths of the program are traversed at least once. Path Coverage is even more powerful that Branch coverage. This technique is useful for testing the complex programs. Lets take a simple example to understand all these white box testing techniques. White box testing example. Consider below simple pseudocode INPUT A B. PRINT ITS DONE For Statement Coverage we would need only one test case to check all the lines of code. That means If I consider Test. Case0. 1 to be A4. B7. 0, then all the lines of code will be executed. Now the question arises Is that sufficientWhat if I consider my Test case as A3. B4. 5 Because Statement coverage will only cover the true side, for the pseudo code, only one test case would NOT be sufficient to test it. As a tester, we have to consider the negative cases as well. Bloques De Maquinas De Coser En Autocad Software here. Hence for maximum coverage, we need to consider Branch Coverage, which will evaluate the FALSE conditions. In the real world, you may add appropriate statements when the condition fails. So now the pseudocode becomes INPUT A B. PRINT ITS DONE. PRINT ITS PENDING Since Statement coverage is not sufficient to test the entire pseudo code, we would require Branch coverage to ensure maximum coverage. So for Branch coverage, we would require two test cases to complete testing of this pseudo code. Test. Case0. 1 A3. B4. 5Test. Case0. A2. 5, B3. 0With this, we can see that each and every line of code is executed at least once. Here are the conclusions so far Branch Coverage ensures more coverage than Statement coverage. Branch coverage is more powerful than Statement coverage,1. Branch coverage itself means 1. Now lets move on to the Path Coverage As said earlier, Path coverage is used to test the complex code snippets, which basically involves loop statements or combination of loops and decision statements. Consider this pseudocode INPUT A B. PRINT ITS DONE. PRINT ITS PENDING. END IF Now to ensure maximum coverage, we would require 4 test cases. How Simply there are 2 decision statements, so for each decision statement, we would need to branches to test. One for true and other for the false condition. So for 2 decision statements, we would require 2 test cases to test the true side and 2 test cases to test the false side, which makes a total of 4 test cases. To simplify these lets consider below flowchart of the pseudo code we have So, In order to have the full coverage, we would need following test cases Test. Case0. 1 A5. 0, B6. Test. Case0. 2 A5. B4. 0Test. Case0. A4. 0, B6. 5Test. Case0. 4 A3. 0, B3. So the path covered will be Red Line Test. Case0. 1 A5. B6. 0Blue Line Test. Case0. 2 A5. B4. 0Orange Line Test. Case0. 3 A4. B6. 5Green Line Test. Case0. 4 A3. B3. 0See also Different Types of testing. Conclusion. Note that the statement, branch or path coverage does not identify any bug or defect that needs to be fixed. It only identifies those lines of code which are either never executed or remains untouched. Based on this further testing can be focused on. Relying only on black box testing is not sufficient for maximum test coverage. We need to have combination of both black box and white box testing techniques to cover maximum defects. If done properly, White box testing will certainly contribute to the software quality. Its also good for testers to participate in this testing as it can provide the most unbiased opinion about the code. About the author This is a guest article by Shilpa C. Roy. She is working in software testing field for the past 9 years in domains like Internet advertising, Investment Banking and Telecom. She has also cleared the CTAL test manager exam with good score. This is just a start and there is much that can be discussed about this topic. Let us know if you have any questions about the methods we discussed in this article.